There are three key points regarding this claim: 1. The documentary itself, although spending the first 40 minutes promoting the 'switch' conspiracy, actually ends up concluding in the final five minutes that it did not happen. There were no plates or anything that could be swapped over- the name was literally engraved into the ship, then filled in with paint. 27. the number of revolutions some time on Monday or Tuesday to 78, which he claimed would drive the ship at There seems absolutely no reason to find any conspiracy here - the difference in gross tonnage is historical, mathematical and logical. 22. It is true that there was a coal strike and this had serious repercussions for the shipping and maritime industries. If not insurance, a switch would keep the company operational During her construction and in this particular photograph the name was not very clear so the photographer took the liberty of sketching it in, which was not an unusual practice of the day. Titanic did not strike an iceberg Birma (70 miles) Russian East Asiatic Company Eastbound, New York-Rotterdam-Libau This is true - but also should to any informed reader be completely without surprise or hint of conspiracy. The special effects of the . It is true that Titanic's sea trials were half that of Olympic's. Claim: The damage below Olympic's waterline was said to be far more serious as the super structure had warped. The fact remains, if there were such large structural differences between the ships, how is it they are not noticeable in photographs and also spotted 10. It is pure speculation about a 'switch' that did not happen. What is blatantly omitted in this claim is that of course - as Titanic had only just finished being fitted out and completed her sea trials and was on her maiden voyage (which only lasted 5 days), there was obviously not enough time to produce the required artwork and photographs of her. did not do serious damage but when the cold water hit the coal fire, it Stick to the path. old ordinary seaman aboard Titanic. But you do not need any imagination when you view a rather conclusive image that reveals that the 'patchwork' on the wreck does not match the location of the actual damage on the Olympic: Photograph of RMS Olympic showing the location of the damage. A statement supported by the attraction of more than 4,000 jobs and $1.4 B in Cap Ex. . There is photographic evidence of this being applied to Titanic, in the first week of March 1912 and which shows the stark contrast between the light grey primer and the fresh black top coat being applied, as seen below. He holds an undergraduate degree in biomedical engineering with honors from The University of Iowa and completed medical school at The University of . Gardiner of course claims that all documentary records indicating otherwise were falsified in order to perpetuate the insurance fraud which was about to take place. So that makes it 3 vessels in the area. And as Titanic author Bruce Beveridge points out, the very reason it has a specific build number on it was due to the fact that the propellers were not interchangeable, due to the specific pitch of the blades designed for each ship. keeping quiet all those years had taken a great toll on his health and the sanity 45. To confirm this Parks Stephenson visited B-52 with James Cameron on a later mission in 2001 and described the room as still retaining "several of its fittings. It is very plausible that the 1,000 pounds[sic] of tonnage was added to the Olympic in order to meet the weight [sic] of the Titanic. 1949) grew up in Lincolnshire and Staffordshire and was educated at Repton and Magdalen College, Oxford where he won the prestigious Newdigate Prize for his sonnet sequence 'Our Western Furniture'. (Click image to enlarge). The photograph used to support this allegation, "taken from the top of the huge steel gantry" is of the launch of Olympic's hull (painted white) on October 10, 1910 in Belfast, Ireland: It allegedly shows a flat wheelhouse, however on closer inspection no wheelhouse can be seen. Ultimately, when asked about the Olympic 'switch' theory he went on record as saying the wreck is Titanic. Some drowned, some were probably killed below decks and there is speculation that an officer may have committed suicide. Californian was carrying woolly jumpers and blankets About This Item. Even more conclusively, a New York Times newspaper article of Thursday 28th March 1912 reveals that in March "J. Pierpont Morgan has written a cordial letter to Gardiner argues that when on the port side boat No. Numerous ships were stationed nearby despite a coal strike Damage from Olympic 's collision with Hawke was more significant 3. There is nothing here that reveals a 'switch'. The hearings following the Olympic/Hawke collision included a damage assessment of the Olympic which was agreed upon by both White Star and the Royal Navy, and stated that the Hawkes bow had penetrated eight feet into Olympics hull. He is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature and was Oxford Professor of Poetry for the . Another key component of the 'switch' theory is to state that damage to HMS Hawke was much more substantial. There is no reason to doubt that passengers cancelled their voyage aboard Titanic. Titanic sailor's deathbed confession of 'switch' Let's examine an 'actual' documented photograph of Titanic's starboard forward B-deck: Titanic's starboard side, taken around noon on April 11th, 1912, as she is anchored outside Queenstown, Ireland, to take on passengers. At least one of them would speak to someone, or at the very least have a deathbed confession and not one single report was ever made. The long list of differences is discussed on the previous page here. Damage to the Olympic due to its collision with HMS Hawke. Titanic's speed was investigated by Mark Chirnside and Samuel Halpern in their article entitled "Speed and More Speed" from which the following information is taken. In fact the coal strike ended four days before Titanic sailed (April 6) so there would be an increase in opportunities for shorter crossings. Difference in Titanic's windows on B deck About 29 results for James Fenton's poetry masterclass. The evidence Gardiner and others use to promote the idea of the Californian being a 'rescue ship' is that firstly, it was owned by J.P. Morgan (a "major figure at White Star"), left London in a hurry (as it could only do 12 knots and had to get there first) and was mysteriously sailing during a coal strike (when coal would have been more expensive) . 5. between eighty and ninety feet.". The Olympic, like the Titanic, was fitted originally with the same 14-porthole arrangement on the port side of her focsle, but 2 additional portholes were later fitted; they were there in March 1912. The origin of this seems to have come from Paddy the pig, also known as James Fenton, who later in life related the following: When the The reality is that Olympic's yard number 400 is all over the scrapped items - and this is documented: (see more information on this here). 7:15 PM. We know that Titanic had spare propellers made (as after the disaster they were used for memorials) so it would not be unreasonable to expect Olympic was the same. Titanic in the first week of March 1912 shows the stark contrast between the light grey primer and the fresh black top coat being applied (courtesy Jonathan Smith). Some have analysed the footage concluding for example that the X-shaped viewing field seen in the video is caused by the camera rig's lighting. Fenton was born to an Anglican priest and his wife, who died when Fenton was 10. "cargo of a few thousand woolly jumpers and blankets." The answer to this is very simple: The name during her building and her sailing are in partly different positions because in the first construction image it was written over on the negative. Claim: How can a ship with a bent keel go on to serve 24 years (1911-1935) without being fully repaired? - Yes. Linoleum flooring covered with carpets )", By December 1911, Titanic was fitted with an additional 2 portholes, giving her a total of 16. The crew aboard Titanic from Belfast to Southampton were (except for the deck officers) local operators (or "runners") who mostly worked on voyages that were made locally, and did this with a number of ships, not just Titanic. 19. 17. 3. her full speed if the weather cooperated. "It was a somewhat quiet affair.". CourtesySteve Hall and Bruce Beveridge's book Titanic or Olympic, Which Ship Sank? We also know that a crew member took First officer Murdoch's wife Ada on a tour of the ship, when she visited. of her departure many outlets resorted to using photographs and footage of Olympic, leading to much confusion over the subsequent years. The vessel which sailed out of Southampton on 10 April 1912 can only have been a 45,000 ton ship with the last minute addition of 1,000 tons of GRT in her B Deck public rooms and enclosed area on A Deck. Obviously realising that planning a collision in the North Atlantic would be In another attempt to find a photographic inconsistency to support a 'switch' theory, this one is probably the hardest to see or make sense of. Discoloured plating on Titanic 15. Quite simply, Titanic had 14 portholes on the port side C deck (bow) when launched, but in the following months she received 2 extra for better light and air. Author Steve Hall: "The problem with that doco is it's 13 years old Of course it's Titanic.". Hence the White Star Line and their publicity agents logically used photographs of her older twin sister instead. Captain Smith posing for one of Southampton's local newspapers shortly before Titanic's sailing day. J.P. Morgan and 50 others cancel passage This is where Gardiner's theory starts to get even more bizarre. According to Gardiner, the original plan to pull off the sinking after the switch was to slowly flood the ship by opening the seacocks. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. 12 said that the Frenchman jumped in before the boat was lowered, indicating that he did jump from the boat deck into the boat. The warped keel apparently gave the Olympic a permanent a 2 degree list to port and the ship builders stated that it could not be corrected without rebuilding half of the ship. Fenton was also active in the theatre scene. Hence it is Olympic, not Titanic. would have remained in surplus. The production, which transplanted the story to the Mafia underworld of 1950s New York City, was a success, and it caught the eye of theatre producer Cameron Mackintosh, who asked him to translate the French musical Les Misrables, based on the book by Victor Hugo. Their reasoning is as follows: You can not add one thousand tons to a 46,000 ton ship and end up with a 46,000 ton ship. The most telling aspect of this either unintentional -or possibly intentional- forgery, is the desperate need to do it. Additionally, they were not "in the middle of a coal strike". Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). There are two keys errors in this hypothesis. was 60 years old at the time of the sinking, and was examined on Day 17 of the British Wreck Commissioner's Inquiry. This is his testimony: I understand it has been stated that the ship was going at full speed. This particular claim began when Robin Gardiner stated in his book that when the name on the bow of the Titanic wreck was cleared of rust (allegedly filmed by Dr. Ballard during his 1986 dive to the wreck), the raised letters 'M, P & Y' were visible. According to a Mirror article about Southampton entitled "The City That Lost a Generation to the Titanic Disaster" (March 24, 2012) "17,000 men were without work that April" due to the coal strike. There are a couple of important points to first realise. Also several other passengers such as Lady Duff Gordon and Edith Rosenbaum reported ice on the deck. At present I have found no evidence of a room named "The Olympic Room" on Titanic, however it would not be surprising. They were only just entering the icefield. Far from the wisdom of the brain. Ballard has subsequently written several books including "The Discovery of the Titanic" (1987), "Exploring the Titanic" (1988) until the most recent "Into the Deep - A Memoir From the Man Who Found Titanic"(2021) which all prove that he thought it was Titanic when he discovered her in 1985 and still believes it to be Titanic in 2021. In Titanic's case, it was likely due to improper ballasting--too much on the port side or too little on the starboard. not go to sea as Titanic with Olympic written on the bells. - Oh, I beg your pardon, yes. Or is the answer because there is nothing there anyway? Most died of exposure in the freezing water of the North Atlantic because there were not enough lifeboats. 4. Further volumes of poetry included Out of Danger (1994), which won the Whitbread Book Award (now the Costa Book Award); Selected Poems (2006), a Penguin anthology of his work; and Yellow Tulips: Poems 19682011 (2012), an even broader survey containing previously uncollected verse. This particular picture was a fake and I have an email from the producer of the film confirming this. It was longer as it had to cover up the word Olympic that occupied more space. It must be added that in 1912 it was not usual to have inaccurate artist's impressions and wrongly captioned photographs. It was written in response to an article The fireplace filmed in 1995 and which partly was shown in the "Titanic" movie at the beginning were actually the fireplace of sitting room B 51 which was occupied by Mrs. Cardeza and her son. Olympic was the first to be launched, pronounced the largest and most luxuriest ship in the world. Not content with an insurance scam 'switch' he also proposes that Titanic (really Olympic) hit, not an iceberg, but an IMM rescue ship that was drifting with its lights out. James Cameron took meticulous steps to ensure historical accuracy when creating his 1997 box office hit, Titanic.Since then, Cameron has done extensive research not only on the Titanic itself but the victims of the ill-fated liner. Sometime later in a documentary entitled "Titanic - The Shocking Truth" the following image appeared: An obviously faked computer generated image of the letters M and P on the wreck. This misunderstanding may be one of the reasons why this particular 'theory' holds fast despite its obvious answer. The wreck clearly has a flat wheelhouse and hence it must be Titanic. The fields are mined and the wind blows cold. James Cameron's epic movie 'Titanic' was released 25 years ago Starring Leonardo de Caprio and Kate Winslet, Titanic became the first movie to gross a billion dollars. It is, however, agreed that crew returning to England were under instructions to give evidence at the Board of Trade Inquiry and not to talk to the media beforehand. How many crew and passengers were onboard prior to the rescue? They were mostly Belfast men - i.e. distribution for 1910 being 30 percent after depreciation. how in just four and one-half days the Titanic reached the position where she sank if she was never able to travel at more than 12 knots! If indeed Titanic had been insured at the last minute at "$12.5 million," as is alleged by conspiracy theorists, would this not have raised serious alarm bells in the minds of the insurers at the time, especially if it was part of the public record that the value was "$7.5million"? 16. Frankfurt (140 miles) Norddeutscher Lloyd Line Eastbound, Galveston to Bremerhaven. The Britannic, when launched, had 16 portholes, consistent with the later port side configuration of the Titanic and the Olympic. He has worked as political journalist, drama critic, book reviewer, war correspondent, foreign correspondent and columnist. It came from a mold and so there should be no surprise they are exactly the same, that is what you expect from faux marble. Was the confusion because they had been switched? Some go as far as to state that 'Lloyd's paid out $12,500,000'. His experiences there provided fodder for the poems in Manila Envelope (1989). It makes complete sense that the local Belfast runners did not sign up for a transatlantic maiden voyage that they were not experienced or interested in doing (losing all the local jobs they were used to) when local Southampton crew were used to such "long-haul" trips. In fact, White Stars profit It seems those intent on proving a 'switch' have mistaken the missing bridge enclosure, the rectangular gap in the forward bulwark (painted white) for the wheelhouse. She had a total capacity of 47 passengers and 55 crew members. It began in January of 1912 Though most of his work was ultimately discarded, Fenton was nonetheless contracted to receive somewhat less than 1 percent of royalties, which, because of the overwhelming international success of the musical, amounted to a substantial sum that made him independently wealthy. Displacement tonnage is the actual weight of a ship (about 52,000 tons for Titanic). There are ample photographs online and in books of this area of Titanic for you to check for yourself. Names riveted on, not welded However, as with the mythical "private flat in the Wirral" claim, this is devoid of any documented evidence. Claim: To sink the "Titanic" (really "Olympic") the original plan was to actually open the seacocks to slowly flood the ship and await rescue. Claim: Olympic could Harold Sanderson repeatedly referred to, 44. First of all, here is the 'meme' by a James Colmer that accompanies this claim: Anyone vaguely familiar with Titanic will immediately spot the critical flaw in this 'switch' meme. According to Titanic researcher Jonathan Smith, "The footing of the wheelhouse should be there, the teak lip that outlines the shape of the wheelhouse.". An example of the many adverts that show the Olympic instead of Titanic - logical considering one was the older sister. This is the wreck montage here: PHOTOGRAPH 2012 RMS TITANIC, INC. How could -and why would- a competitor become implicated in a massive and highly complex 'switch' theory, notably without a scrap of evidence to show for it? Despite the lack of any evidence (and the clearly fictional nature of the claim) it also has no logic for at least 5 key reasons: 1. Actually there were only 6 within a 140 mile radius. Quite simply Titanic was underinsured, the main reason being that the White Star Line actually insured its own ships. She worked up to 80. Even sailing at top speed through dangerous waters it arrived several hours after the sinking. Patchwork and braces from Hawke collision in wreck photographs The claim that Olympic got them is absurd. Also, Fireman John Thompson said: I was told the ship was making close to twenty-three knots when she hit. Chirnside and Halpern discovered that "Titanics 546 mile run from noon Saturday to noon Sunday would be her best posted Accomplished through strategic, long term planning . One must also suggest - if those behind the 'switch' were so clever so as to be able to switch absolutely everything aboard Olympic/Titanic as to include the numbers 400/401 etched onto the back of wooden panels in all the state rooms (refer to point here) then how is it they would So there is nothing surprising with the fact that an iceberg caused enough damage to the starboard side (not bottom) of the hull so as to breach watertight compartments that eventually led to its sinking. Upon graduation in 1970, Fenton embarked upon a career as a freelance journalist and was hired (1971) to report on literature and politics for the New Statesman. Hall and Beveridge note in regard to this photograph that although "the overlapped doubler is hidden behind the stowed anchor, There are other photographs of Titanic with similar liberties such as the shot of her in Cherbourg at night which has been heavily doctored to look as if it was taken at night with her lights blazing. I think it is impossible that the Olympics keel was damaged in the collision, as Robin Gardiner speculates in his 1998 book Titanic: The Ship That Never Sank? December 31 st 1911. This has been touted by some as the no.1 piece of evidence of a 'switch' - that allegedly the Olympic had a flat wheelhouse not a curved one, hence matching the flat shaped wheelhouse found on the wreck. (Click to enlarge). Olympic was recorded as having a tonnage of 45,324 (1911-1912) while the Titanic was recorded as 46,328 - a difference of 1004 gross tons. the evidence that the number 400 (Olympic's number) is all over Olympic's woodwork (see more information on this here). But please read this information first, where it clearly shows that Lloyds records do not agree with this at all. other images of Olympic and Titanic, this post-disaster image has the anchors stowed, thus obscuring this area of interest. Toggle navigation. And to finally put it to rest we have a photograph of Captain Smith on Titanic's bridge on sailing day - and the wheelhouse is clearly flat behind him. by Burgess alone, with no collaboration from other eyewitnesses. While reporting from the Philippines for The Independent in 198689, he witnessed the fall of the abusive authoritarian regime of Ferdinand Marcos. First and foremost there is no documented evidence to verify it. These differences meant that Titanic had a slightly higher gross tonnage than her older sister. sailed in a great hurry from Belfast and said that when they hit the iceberg it Firstly, a Harland & Wolff photograph of Olympic, taken when the vessel was in the Thompson Graving Dock in 1911, which shows her to have had a 'vertical joint in her hull plating immediately forward of the port side anchor hawse pipe'. And the Olympic is actually the Titanic. The bulkheads were not actually sealed at the top, this oversight allowed water to flow over, filling each compartment, one at a time. Veined marble is a naturally occurring metamorphic crystalline limestone and, like snowflakes and finger prints, no two pieces are the same. and came to the conclusion that while elements of Fenton's background can be validated Order. 'Faux' as in false or imitation. Carpathia (58 miles Cunard Line, Eastbound: Left New York Tuesday, Gibraltar and Mediterranean ports Gardiner further hypothesizes that the ship that was hit by the Titanic was the one seen by the Californian firing distress rockets, and that this explains the perceived inaction of the Californian (which traditionally is seen as failing to come to the rescue of the Titanic after sighting its distress rockets). Gardiner bases this hypothesis on the idea that the supposed iceberg was seen at such a short distance by the lookouts because it was actually a darkened ship. 'The Olympic Room' 8. Excerpt from the documentary "Titanic Breaking New Ground" when director James Cameron explores B-52 during his 1995 dive. from the wreck was actually the crows nest (or lookout) bell, and he states: on 18. Morgan and Ismay would have to be fortune tellers as well as fraudsters! B. Ismay know this? Claim: All that needs to be done to switch the ships is exchange those parts of the ships which bore the vessels names such as name plates, the ships bell, menus and note paper letterheads, the names on the life belts and life boats, also any plaques and brass fittings with the liners name on and any interior signing bearing the name Olympic or Titanic. Olympic had 16 bow portholes. Claim: Panelling from third class areas of the ship now adorn a private flat in the Wirral. Proportionally less than Titanic!" 2. Firstly, how would White Star believe they could pull something like this off when no doubt hundreds of crew would see water pouring into the ship through the seacocks? In fact both Olympic and Titanic were launched with 14 portholes on the port side forecastle on C-Deck and 15 portholes on the starboard side of the same area. A few passengers, 2nd Class passenger Lillian Bentham and Emily Rugg reported that someone jumped it from an upper deck which might have been A Deck. Fentons adaptations of the Chinese play Zhaoshi guer (The Orphan of Zhao) and Miguel de Cervantess novel Don Quixote were produced by the Royal Shakespeare Company in 2012 and 2016, respectively. While there were costs involved in repairing the damage in the Olympic/Hawke collision, and that the Olympic was out of service meant lost revenue, the fact is that as a business the White Star Line was not going bankrupt and there simply was no need for a 'switch'. Most agree that the Titanic split just forward of the third funnel. 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